In this chapter on evaluating internet resources, we will learn: how to use a seven-step evaluation system to determine the accuracy and reliability of internet information sources; how to use a rubric to rate website information.
Evaluating internet source of information helps we determine if they are reliable and useful. Knowing how to critically evaluate internet material not only helps we become a better student, but will help you in your work life beyond college.
Use the internet source evaluation system described in this chapter as a tool for assessing websites. Two Rand C A uses following seven steps:
1. know your purpose
2. double –check facts and sources
3. consider the source
4. evaluate content
5. determine intended audience
6. evaluate the writing
7. use what you already know.
Sunday, April 27, 2008
CRCB-CHAPTER13 summy
In this chapter on critical reading comprehension, we will learn: what constitutes higher levels of thinking; how to use different lever of thinking to understand all type of reading material; how to create and answer questions based on we reading maternal in order to prepare for exams.
Critical reading comprehension involves challenging yourself to understand what we read in we book at different levers of complexity. Bloom’s taxonomy lists six lever of critical thinking ---knowledge, comprehension, application analysis, synthesis, and evaluation—that you can use to deepen we understanding of in the bookmaterial.
Critical reading comprehension involves challenging yourself to understand what we read in we book at different levers of complexity. Bloom’s taxonomy lists six lever of critical thinking ---knowledge, comprehension, application analysis, synthesis, and evaluation—that you can use to deepen we understanding of in the bookmaterial.
CRCB-CHAPTER12 Summary
Recognizing arguments as you read lets you critically examine an author’s line of reason and one conclusion. One way to detect them is to look for an author’s conclusions and then track the reasons he or she used to reach them. Another way is to look for the argument word clues an author used to indicate when reasons are being presented and conclusions stated.
When you find an argument, you should break it down into its constituent parts so that you can determine whether it is well found and logical.
Arguments can be evaluated using specific criteria including deterging dependability fact from opinion, and detecting fallacies.
The two primary types of arguments are deductive and inductive .Deductive arguments have at least one premise that logically leads to a conclusion. Inductive argument begging with a series of specific observation and conclude with a generalization that logically flow from them. As they are observation, even well-constructed inductive arguments cannot be considered absolutely true.Author’s view should be actively questioned so that flaws in the presentation of information are not passively accepted. Begging able to detect and evaluate argument in book, and to create argument using book reading material, forces to analyze the logic of what read and help we present we own ideas
In this chapter on argumentation ,we will learn: to identify arguments and their parts in book assignments; to dieting using between deductive and inductive arguments; to critically evaluate arguments in book and other reading media; to differentiate between fact and opinions; to understand and identify basic fallacies
When you find an argument, you should break it down into its constituent parts so that you can determine whether it is well found and logical.
Arguments can be evaluated using specific criteria including deterging dependability fact from opinion, and detecting fallacies.
The two primary types of arguments are deductive and inductive .Deductive arguments have at least one premise that logically leads to a conclusion. Inductive argument begging with a series of specific observation and conclude with a generalization that logically flow from them. As they are observation, even well-constructed inductive arguments cannot be considered absolutely true.Author’s view should be actively questioned so that flaws in the presentation of information are not passively accepted. Begging able to detect and evaluate argument in book, and to create argument using book reading material, forces to analyze the logic of what read and help we present we own ideas
In this chapter on argumentation ,we will learn: to identify arguments and their parts in book assignments; to dieting using between deductive and inductive arguments; to critically evaluate arguments in book and other reading media; to differentiate between fact and opinions; to understand and identify basic fallacies
Saturday, April 26, 2008
CRCB-CHAPTER 11 Summary
This chapter authors often use visual aids to help their readers better understand the information they are presenting. Visual information reinforces and supplements reading material. Types of visual aids include mind maps, outlines, charts, diagrams, graphs, illustrations, photographs, and time lines. The type of information being conveyed determines what type of visual aid an author will use. Learning how to read visuals will help understand and remember the textual information they illustrate.
An effective reading and study strategy is to make own visual aids. To create an effective visual aid, you have to recognize the important elements in what reading and be able to prioritize and organize them in a logical and useful format. It will quickly obvious how well know the material, you can’t draw a diagram or devise a table if you don’t understand what you have read or heard. In many instances, an effective visual will save from taking as many as many notes from notes from text or lectures.
In this chapter we will lean: to read visual information, such as charts, graphs, and photo; why authors select particular visuals to convey certain types of information to their readers. How to create visuals to help we remember information we have learned from we text.
An effective reading and study strategy is to make own visual aids. To create an effective visual aid, you have to recognize the important elements in what reading and be able to prioritize and organize them in a logical and useful format. It will quickly obvious how well know the material, you can’t draw a diagram or devise a table if you don’t understand what you have read or heard. In many instances, an effective visual will save from taking as many as many notes from notes from text or lectures.
In this chapter we will lean: to read visual information, such as charts, graphs, and photo; why authors select particular visuals to convey certain types of information to their readers. How to create visuals to help we remember information we have learned from we text.
CRCB-CHAPTER 9 Summary
The PSR technique requires that you question yourself before, during, and after you read. It encourage you to participate in reader-author conversation rather than to read passively
In this conversation, we can accrete author says and decide if it makes sense to we, we can also add what we know to the conversation by recalling related information. This cheaper helps we understand and remember the material, help we to understand the material on your own or alert we to the fact that we need to ask in a instructor for help.
The PSR technique also requires we to responds reading by writing in we journal. Commenting in writing helps we digest and understand an author’s ideas and articulate we own. By identifying exactly where we become confused in reading, we can return to that point and reread the relevant section of the text.
After reading this chapter ,we will know how to use the psr technique to better understand we textbooks; know how to create and answer preview questions ,and judge their effectiveness,; and we know to paraphrase ideas and summarize reading assignment.
In this conversation, we can accrete author says and decide if it makes sense to we, we can also add what we know to the conversation by recalling related information. This cheaper helps we understand and remember the material, help we to understand the material on your own or alert we to the fact that we need to ask in a instructor for help.
The PSR technique also requires we to responds reading by writing in we journal. Commenting in writing helps we digest and understand an author’s ideas and articulate we own. By identifying exactly where we become confused in reading, we can return to that point and reread the relevant section of the text.
After reading this chapter ,we will know how to use the psr technique to better understand we textbooks; know how to create and answer preview questions ,and judge their effectiveness,; and we know to paraphrase ideas and summarize reading assignment.
CRCB-CHAPTER 8 Summary
The authors usually organize information using certain classic methods or patterns.
Begging able to recognize organizational methods will help understand the ideas in how they are connected t each other, because they will fit into logical patterns already familiar with.
It will also help to remember what you have read, because you are not memorizing facts in isolation, but relating them to each other to form patterns that hold and organize them in your member. A useful way to identify an author’s method of organization is to look for the organization word clues that indicate which patterns using.
It is also important to assess an author’s overall method of organization. Author will frequently use more than one method from paragraph to paragraph to paragraph, but have one overall method for each.
And in this chapter we can will learn about different methods of textbook organization, learn to recognize that signal the different methods, practice techniques that will help we identify, organize and remember textbook methods of organization.
Begging able to recognize organizational methods will help understand the ideas in how they are connected t each other, because they will fit into logical patterns already familiar with.
It will also help to remember what you have read, because you are not memorizing facts in isolation, but relating them to each other to form patterns that hold and organize them in your member. A useful way to identify an author’s method of organization is to look for the organization word clues that indicate which patterns using.
It is also important to assess an author’s overall method of organization. Author will frequently use more than one method from paragraph to paragraph to paragraph, but have one overall method for each.
And in this chapter we can will learn about different methods of textbook organization, learn to recognize that signal the different methods, practice techniques that will help we identify, organize and remember textbook methods of organization.
Friday, April 25, 2008
Thursday, April 24, 2008
TFYChapter 12---deductive reasoning ---how do I reason from premises?
Chapter 12---deductive reasoning ---how do I reason from premises?
1. Deductive reasoning is the process of starting with one or more statements called premised and investing what conclusions necessarily follow from these premises.
2. Deduction is the subject of formal logic, whose main concern is with creating forms that demonstrate reasoning
3. Logic has its own technical vocabulary
4. The standardized language of syllogisms allows a reduction of everyday language into verbal equations.
5. Syllogisms allow logicians to determine what is being said, to identify hidden premises, and to find out if the argument makes sense.
6. Deductive and inductive reasoning are not isolated pursuits but are mentally interwoven both in major and mundane problem solving
7. It is possible to infer the rules of valid and invalid resigning from the study of models.
1. Deductive reasoning is the process of starting with one or more statements called premised and investing what conclusions necessarily follow from these premises.
2. Deduction is the subject of formal logic, whose main concern is with creating forms that demonstrate reasoning
3. Logic has its own technical vocabulary
4. The standardized language of syllogisms allows a reduction of everyday language into verbal equations.
5. Syllogisms allow logicians to determine what is being said, to identify hidden premises, and to find out if the argument makes sense.
6. Deductive and inductive reasoning are not isolated pursuits but are mentally interwoven both in major and mundane problem solving
7. It is possible to infer the rules of valid and invalid resigning from the study of models.
TFYChapter 11-inductive reasoning and inductive fallacies:How do I reason from evidence?
Chapter 11-inductive reasoning and inductive fallacies:
How do I reason from evidence?
1. Inductive reasoning is the process of thinking that you used in describing a fruit, vegetable, or tool in chapter
2. The inductive method is also called the empirical or scientific method
3. Induction arsons from evidence about some members of a class in order to form a conclusion about all members of that class.
4. Induction can be done through sensory observation, enumeration, analogous reasoning ,causal reasoning ,and pattern recognition
5. A hypothesis is a trial idea that can be used to further investigation in an inductive study
6. Inductive reasoning is used as a method for obtaining information when it would be impossible to examine all the data available
7. The five basic rules for evaluating the reliability of hypotheses based on statically samplings are as follow:
a. The greater the size of the sample, the greater is its probability of being representative of the whole of a population.
b. A sampling must be representative in order to lead to reliable results
c. One counterexample can refute a generalization arrived at through inductive reasoning
d. Statically evaluating should be offered in sufficient detail for verifications
e. When evaluating the results of polls, it is important to examine both the polling agency and polling question for bias.
How do I reason from evidence?
1. Inductive reasoning is the process of thinking that you used in describing a fruit, vegetable, or tool in chapter
2. The inductive method is also called the empirical or scientific method
3. Induction arsons from evidence about some members of a class in order to form a conclusion about all members of that class.
4. Induction can be done through sensory observation, enumeration, analogous reasoning ,causal reasoning ,and pattern recognition
5. A hypothesis is a trial idea that can be used to further investigation in an inductive study
6. Inductive reasoning is used as a method for obtaining information when it would be impossible to examine all the data available
7. The five basic rules for evaluating the reliability of hypotheses based on statically samplings are as follow:
a. The greater the size of the sample, the greater is its probability of being representative of the whole of a population.
b. A sampling must be representative in order to lead to reliable results
c. One counterexample can refute a generalization arrived at through inductive reasoning
d. Statically evaluating should be offered in sufficient detail for verifications
e. When evaluating the results of polls, it is important to examine both the polling agency and polling question for bias.
TFYChapter 10-fallacies: what’s a faulty argument?
Chapter 10-fallacies: what’s a faulty argument?
1. Word ambiguity uses undefined and vague words n an argument, seeking to gain an advantage by using words that could be interpreted in more than one way.
2. Misleading euphemisms are words that hide meaning by wrapping less acceptable ideas in positive or neutral connotations.
3. Prejudicial language persuades though the use of loaded words that convey a bias while pretending to convey objective information.
4. Appeals to fear and pity seek to persuade by affecting emotions rather than through sound rational support for an argument.
5. Appeal to false authority seeks to influences other by citing phony or inappropriate authorities
6. Appeal to bandwagon is another example of the appeal to authority
7. Personal attack refutes another argument by attacking the opponent rather than addressing the argument itself.
8. Poisoning the well seeks to prejudice other against a person, group, or idea and prevents their positions from being heard.
9. The red herring is a ploy of distraction
10. The straw man is an argument that misrepresents, oversimplifies, or caricatures an opponent’s position; it create a false replica, then destroys the replica.
11. Pointing to another wrong is also called two wrongs make a right.
12. Circular reasoning is the assertion or repeated assertion of a conclusion as though the conclusion were a reason.
1. Word ambiguity uses undefined and vague words n an argument, seeking to gain an advantage by using words that could be interpreted in more than one way.
2. Misleading euphemisms are words that hide meaning by wrapping less acceptable ideas in positive or neutral connotations.
3. Prejudicial language persuades though the use of loaded words that convey a bias while pretending to convey objective information.
4. Appeals to fear and pity seek to persuade by affecting emotions rather than through sound rational support for an argument.
5. Appeal to false authority seeks to influences other by citing phony or inappropriate authorities
6. Appeal to bandwagon is another example of the appeal to authority
7. Personal attack refutes another argument by attacking the opponent rather than addressing the argument itself.
8. Poisoning the well seeks to prejudice other against a person, group, or idea and prevents their positions from being heard.
9. The red herring is a ploy of distraction
10. The straw man is an argument that misrepresents, oversimplifies, or caricatures an opponent’s position; it create a false replica, then destroys the replica.
11. Pointing to another wrong is also called two wrongs make a right.
12. Circular reasoning is the assertion or repeated assertion of a conclusion as though the conclusion were a reason.
TFYChapter 9-----Argument summary
Chapter 9-----Argument summary
The critical reading of arguments is an active endeavor that requires involvement, interaction with questions, and evaluation.
The questions asked in the critical reading of arguments
The analysis of arguments in terms of their reasons and conclusions applies to both inductive arguments.
The conclusion of an argument is the last step in a reasoning process.
Reasons support conclusions
Arguments state and defend a claim in attempt to persuade.
Reports that only relate events or state facts cannot be analyzed as though they were arguments
An issue is a topic of controversy upon which positions many be taken. Surrounding each issue are many debate questions
The following questions can serve as guidelines for analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of arguments:
Are the reasons adequate to support the conclusion?
Are there any hidden assumption?
Are any central words ambiguous or slanted so as to incite prejudice?
Are there fallacies of reasoning?
Is any important information missing?
Is any information false or contradictory?
The critical reading of arguments is an active endeavor that requires involvement, interaction with questions, and evaluation.
The questions asked in the critical reading of arguments
The analysis of arguments in terms of their reasons and conclusions applies to both inductive arguments.
The conclusion of an argument is the last step in a reasoning process.
Reasons support conclusions
Arguments state and defend a claim in attempt to persuade.
Reports that only relate events or state facts cannot be analyzed as though they were arguments
An issue is a topic of controversy upon which positions many be taken. Surrounding each issue are many debate questions
The following questions can serve as guidelines for analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of arguments:
Are the reasons adequate to support the conclusion?
Are there any hidden assumption?
Are any central words ambiguous or slanted so as to incite prejudice?
Are there fallacies of reasoning?
Is any important information missing?
Is any information false or contradictory?
TFYChapter 8-----Viewpoints Summary
Chapter 8-----Viewpoints Summary
Critical thinking means learning to recognize viewpoints and how they shape the content of any message.
Viewpoints ---like assumptions, opinions, and evaluations—can be either conscious or unconscious.
We communicate best when we are aware of our own viewpoint and can understand and respect the viewpoints of other as well.
Writers shape their stories though their choice of a point of view; the choices include third-person, first-person, and multiple points of view.
Unconscious viewpoints include the egocentric, ethnocentric, and religiocentric.
Left, right, and centrist perspectives exit within both the Republican and Democratic parties.
The Internet provides a vehicle for the expression of a wide range of viewpoints not well represented in U S corporate media.
Periodicals can express viewpoints though images, words, and in the framing giving to information.
Critical thinking means learning to recognize viewpoints and how they shape the content of any message.
Viewpoints ---like assumptions, opinions, and evaluations—can be either conscious or unconscious.
We communicate best when we are aware of our own viewpoint and can understand and respect the viewpoints of other as well.
Writers shape their stories though their choice of a point of view; the choices include third-person, first-person, and multiple points of view.
Unconscious viewpoints include the egocentric, ethnocentric, and religiocentric.
Left, right, and centrist perspectives exit within both the Republican and Democratic parties.
The Internet provides a vehicle for the expression of a wide range of viewpoints not well represented in U S corporate media.
Periodicals can express viewpoints though images, words, and in the framing giving to information.
Wednesday, April 2, 2008
Tuesday, April 1, 2008
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